Leisure, inequalities, and the Global South

On the other hand, we also sought to identify not only some of the leisure inequalities in the Global South, but also inequalities in leisure research between researchers based in the Global South and those in the Global North. The concept of inequalities has been widely explored in academia and in the leisure literature. It contextualises the debate and focuses on two key points: (1) research on leisure inequalities;and (2) the Global South and inequalities in leisure research. The digital inequality during COVID-19 and the ensuing lockdowns led to differences in leisure opportunities, and such disparities were felt more deeply in the Global South where the gap between social classes is wider compared with the Global North (Clemente & Stoppa, [9]). [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Leisure Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Mundane emotions: Losing yourself in boredom, time and technology

Marketing and consumer research has drawn attention to the positive and joyful emotional features of consumer tribes. However, research has little to say on boredom, an emotional state already prevalent in consumers' lives, yet exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic due to lockdown restrictions that prevented tribal consumption experiences. Informed by Heidegger's understanding of boredom as a fundamental mood tied to temporality, this research uses semi-structured interviews to identify two kinds of boredom – superficial and profound boredom – and their specific temporal dynamics. Superficial boredom is common and refers to a situational restlessness in which people desire distractions. In contrast, profound boredom refers to an existential discomfort in which people struggle with their sense of self, but ultimately can result in the discovery of tribal passions. We explain superficial boredom as a symptom of a dominant temporal regime that comprises connectivity and acceleration. Together these temporal logics fragment and compress time in ways that encourage mundane social media consumption that simply fills time. We also explain how profound boredom stems from an abundance of uninterrupted time spent in relative solitude. In extending Heidegger's theory of boredom to analyse contemporary boredom in an era where digital technology is ubiquitous, our research contributes to consumer research's understanding of mundane emotions and discusses what it means to be bored together.

Unique Genomic Epidemiology of COVID-19 in the White Mountain Apache Tribe, April to August 2020, Arizona.

The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) within the White Mountain Apache Tribe (WMAT) in Arizona was diagnosed almost 1 month after community transmission was recognized in the state. Aggressive contact tracing allowed for robust genomic epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and subsequent phylogenetic analyses implicated only two virus introductions, which resulted in the spread of two unique viral lineages on the reservation. The phylogenies of these lineages reflect the nature of the introductions, the remoteness of the community, and the extraordinarily high attack rates. The timing and space-limited nature of the outbreaks validate the public health tracing efforts involved, which were illustrated by multiple short transmission chains over a period of several weeks, eventually resulting in extinction of the lineages. Comprehensive sampling and successful infection control efforts are illustrated in both the effective population size analyses and the limited mortality outcomes. The rapid spread and high attack rates of the two lineages may be due to a combination of sociological determinants of the WMAT and a seemingly enhanced transmissibility. The SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology of the WMAT demonstrates a unique local history of the pandemic and highlights the extraordinary and successful efforts of their public health response. IMPORTANCE This article discusses the introduction and spread of two unique viral lineages of SARS-CoV-2 within the White Mountain Apache Tribe in Arizona. Both genomic sequencing and traditional epidemiological strategies (e.g., contract tracing) were used to understand the nature of the spread of both lineages. Beyond providing a robust genomic analysis of the epidemiology of the outbreaks, this work also highlights the successful efforts of the local public health response.

Introduction to the special section: Tribal marketing after Covid

This article introduces the special section, "Tribal Marketing After Covid: Consuming Together in an Age of Social Distance.” The authors trace the history of tribal marketing theory up until the present, ‘post-Covid' era, outlining each wave and some trajectories for future research. © The Author(s) 2023.

Reconstructing Social Networks and Connections in Indigenous Tribes: An Analysis of Countermeasures to COVID-19 among Rural Tribes in Taiwan

Since the first outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, numerous countries have experienced waves of outbreaks that have had severe social, economic, and political effects. Many medical and anthropological studies have suggested that tribes and elders in rural and indigenous villages became isolated from the outside world due to a lack of resources and because of cultural constraints. On January 22, 2020, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Taiwan was discovered. As of October 23, 2022, 7,476,478 confirmed cases have been reported;of these, only 64,298 were in Taitung County, making it the region with the fewest cases in Taiwan. In this ethnographic study, I visited indigenous tribes in Taiwan that were less affected during the pandemic, conducted in-depth interviews with tribal-care providers, and collected secondary data from reports and social media regarding pandemic prevention on tribes in Taitung County. I also explored the difficulties created by the suspension of tribal-care services due to pandemic-related social distancing and isolation measures, and how care providers overcame these challenges. COVID-19 is not the first and nor will it be the last virus to threaten humans. Thus, it is important to gain insight into how care networks and connections were rebuilt through innovative measures that enabled tribal elders to receive culturally sensitive care and maintain their health during the pandemic. © 2022, University Library System, University of Pittsburgh. All rights reserved.

Mundane emotions: Losing yourself in boredom, time and technology

Marketing and consumer research has drawn attention to the positive and joyful emotional features of consumer tribes. However, research has little to say on boredom, an emotional state already prevalent in consumers' lives, yet exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic due to lockdown restrictions that prevented tribal consumption experiences. Informed by Heidegger's understanding of boredom as a fundamental mood tied to temporality, this research uses semi-structured interviews to identify two kinds of boredom - superficial and profound boredom - and their specific temporal dynamics. Superficial boredom is common and refers to a situational restlessness in which people desire distractions. In contrast, profound boredom refers to an existential discomfort in which people struggle with their sense of self, but ultimately can result in the discovery of tribal passions. We explain superficial boredom as a symptom of a dominant temporal regime that comprises connectivity and acceleration. Together these temporal logics fragment and compress time in ways that encourage mundane social media consumption that simply fills time. We also explain how profound boredom stems from an abundance of uninterrupted time spent in relative solitude. In extending Heidegger's theory of boredom to analyse contemporary boredom in an era where digital technology is ubiquitous, our research contributes to consumer research's understanding of mundane emotions and discusses what it means to be bored together.

Women Entrepreneurs in Namibia

Africa and in particular sub-Saharan Africa has experienced global expansion for more than a decade, remained resilient through the global economic recession from 2008 to 2010, and now the COVID19 (coronavirus) pandemic has changed the way we live on a daily basis. One unique group of individuals who have withstand these challenges against all odds are women. This chapter highlights women entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa with specific emphasis on Namibian women using in-depth interviews of 20 Namibian women from the Oshiwambo, Nama, Herero, San and Himba tribes. This chapter aims to pin the challenges women entrepreneurs face when setting up their businesses in the Republic of Namibia. In addition, the similarities and differences between these women will be unpack (notable reference will be made with regard to education and also role models), by also drawing from the experiences of other women in the country. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Partnership Between a Federal Agency and 4 Tribal Nations to Improve COVID-19 Response Capacities.

Upon request from tribal nations, and as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) emergency response, CDC staff provided both remote and on-site assistance to tribes to plan, prepare, and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. From April 2, 2020, through June 11, 2021, CDC deployed a total of 275 staff to assist 29 tribal nations. CDC staff typically collaborated in multiple work areas including epidemiology and surveillance (86%), contact tracing (76%), infection prevention control (72%), community mitigation (72%), health communication (66%), incident command structure (55%), emergency preparedness (38%), and worker safety (31%). We describe the activities of CDC staff in collaboration with 4 tribal nations, Northern Cheyenne, Hoopa Valley, Shoshone-Bannock, and Oglala Sioux Tribe, to combat COVID-19 and lessons learned from the engagement.

Identifying and measuring resilience factors among children with prenatal substance exposure in a tribal nation and in association with COVID-19 mortality

Background: Historical and contemporary trauma among Native Americans is linked to disparate health outcomes across the lifespan including the very recent coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Early and prolonged exposure to positive family-child engagement activities and the natural environment (greenspace) act as protective factors against a range of maladaptive development across the lifespan. Yet, little is known regarding specific activities relevant among high-risk families in Tribal Nations and no evidence exists in terms of measuring that impact of greenspace against risk of COVID-19 mortality.Purpose: 1) Partner with a Tribal Nation to develop a study to identify resilience promoting factors in early childhood in the context of prenatal substance exposure (PSE);2) Identify common positive family-child engagement activities among high-risk families;and 3) Measure the impact of greenspace and risk of COVID-19 mortality in the United States.Methods: Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR), strengths-based, and community-driven approaches were applied to studies one and two. The methodological study (study one;development phase) involved relationship-building to partner with one Tribal Nation and to design an epidemiological study. The qualitative study (study two;phase I) consisted of in-person semi-structured interviews with caregivers to children, ages 0-3 years, with and without PSE to identify common activities, and barriers, facilitators, and positive child outcomes to activities. The quantitative study (study three;phase II) measured greenspace exposure by leaf area index (LAI) deciles derived from 2011-2015 averaged 250 m resolution annual maximum LAI maps to assess a dose-response association with COVID-19 mortality.Results: Study one yielded the development of a successful partnership with a Tribal Nation and a robust study design. Study two identified common cultural, community, outdoor and home activities that children engaged in with their family. Common barriers and facilitators overlapped in terms of cost, adequate transportation, safety, and family or friend presence. Positive outcomes for children were gaining cultural knowledge, bonding opportunities, and feeling soothed. Study three indicated a dose response association between high levels of LAI and lower mortality due to COVID-19.Conclusion: Studies one and two demonstrated the impact of CBPR in engaging in research with a Tribal Nation. Study three provided evidence of a protective effect of greenspace exposure and risk of COVID-19 mortality. This research lays the groundwork for a future study that will quantify the impact of these resilience factors against social-emotional development among young children with and without PSE. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Formal Peacebuilding and Youth Inclusion in the Twenty-First Century: The Case of Muslim Mindanao

Ragandang focuses on the formal peacebuilding and youth inclusion in Muslim Mindanao during the 21st century. The current realities of the twenty-first-century drive youth inclusion in the formal peacebuilding space. These realities include technological advancement, dangers of violent extremism, population rise of youths, threats of COVID-19, and the gradual aging of peacebuilding adults. Positive intergenerational power dynamics acknowledge young people as core partners in the peace process and not just part of adults' support system. The Mindanao conflict is one of the longest conflicts in the world. It revolves around the quest for self-determination among the Islamized indigenous tribes living on the islands of Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan. During the Government of the Philippines-MILF peace negotiation, young Moros were part of the secretariat, ensuring that no unnecessary insertions were made. Their technical expertise to use the computer, browse the Web, and digitalize documents lightened the work of the elderly. The presence of young people in the formal peace process maximizes the benefits brought by technology.

Klamath Tribal Response to the Pandemic of COVID-19 Among Klamath Tribal Community in Oregon, USA.

INTRODUCTION: Socially-disadvantaged populations are more at risk of contracting COVID-19 than those with access to better medical facilities. We looked at responses of Klamath Tribes in Oregon, USA to mitigate spread of COVID-19 in a community with a higher incidence of obesity, diabetes and coronary heart disease, compared to the general US population. This study reports on Klamath Tribes response to COVID-19 March -September 2020. METHODS: Klamath Tribes Tribal Health and Family Services established a COVID-19 Incident Management Team (IMT), instituting creative programs including a Walk-In Testing Center, implementing strict infection control protocols and regular sharing of information on the pandemic and prevalence of COVID-19 amongst Klamath Tribes. All COVID-19 tests were documented with positive cases isolated and people with high risk exposures quarantined and provided with wrap-around medical and social services until recovered or past quarantine time period. RESULTS: A total of 888 (12%) tribal members were tested for COVID1-19 between March to September 2020; 50 were found positive for COVID-19, giving a test positivity rate of 5.6% (Male - 6.3%; Female - 5.2%). No deaths have been reported amongst the local Klamath Tribes and other American Indians/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population served by the tribe. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that structural inequities including income disparities have shaped racial and ethnic impact of epidemics around the world, the timely response, establishment of partnerships and proactive control of the epidemic resulted in minimal impact among the Klamath Tribal and other AI/AN populations served by the tribal facilities.